Prescription opioid information
Codeine Dependence & Addiction
Codeine is an opioid used in some pain and cough medications. Repeated or problematic use can lead to physical dependence or opioid use disorder.
Overview
What is Codeine?
Codeine is an opioid used in some pain and cough medications. Repeated or problematic use can lead to physical dependence or opioid use disorder.
How it can affect the body
Codeine can cause pain relief or cough suppression as well as drowsiness, nausea, constipation and slowed breathing.
Dependence vs. addiction
Physical dependence can occur during regular use. Opioid use disorder is a broader diagnosis based on impaired control and harm.
Signs of problematic use
- Taking more than intended
- Cravings or withdrawal
- Difficulty stopping
- Use that interferes with health or daily life
Important health risks
- Overdose
- Respiratory depression
- Interactions with alcohol or sedatives
- Risks from combination products when taken outside directions
When emergency care is needed
Call 911 for suspected opioid overdose and give naloxone if available.
How addiction is medically assessed
A physician can review use pattern, medications, withdrawal and whether OUD treatment is appropriate.
Treatment options
When opioid use disorder is present, opioid agonist treatment may be considered according to individual clinical needs.
Treatment pathway
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The treatment page focuses on how TSCP care works, how to start and what a clinician may consider.
Editorial transparency
Medical sources & review status
Prepared by the TSCP editorial team using Canadian public-health and clinical sources. A named medical reviewer is not displayed until TSCP confirms the reviewer and credentials.
Content updated: 2026-09-10